Geçirimsiz Toprak Yüzeyi Haritalaması, Son Gelişmeler ve Yeni Kullanım Olanakları
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10800846Anahtar Kelimeler:
Geçirimsiz toprak yüzeyi, uzaktan algılama, haritalama, yapay zekâÖzet
Geçirimsiz toprak yüzeylerinin hem kırsal alanlar hem de şehirler üzerinde hidrolojik döngüyü bozarak yüzey akışının artmasına ve infiltrasyonun azalması gibi olumsuz etkileri vardır. Geçirimsiz toprak yüzeylerinin olumsuz etkilerinin azaltılması hem kırsal hem de kentsel alanlar için esnek ve yaşanabilir ortamların teşvik edilmesinde çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, geçirimsiz toprak yüzeyinin izlenmesi konusunda yapılmış olan araştırmalara dayanarak uzaktan algılama verileri ve yapay zekâ uygulamalarının entegrasyonu ile kentsel alanlarda geçirimsiz toprak yüzey haritalamasındaki son gelişmeleri ve arazi bozulması çalışmalarında kullanım olanaklarını ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda literatür değerlendirildiğinde, geçirimsiz toprak yüzeylerin belirlenmesi ve sayısal olarak haritalanması çalışmaları hem uzaktan algılamadaki yüksek çözünürlüklü veri kaynaklarının artması hem de yapay zekânın büyük hacimli verileri kısa sürede ve yüksek doğrulukta değerlendirmesi ile ivme kazandığı görülmektedir. Özellikle optik uydu görüntülerinin birden çok bandının sinerjisi ile oluşturulan uzaktan algılama indeksleri ile spektral hataların azaltılmasına olanak tanımasıyla, geçirimsiz toprak yüzeylere özel olan yeni indeksler önerilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, derin öğrenme algoritmalarının yaygınlaşması ile yüksek doğruluğa sahip tahmini geçirimsiz yüzey envanter haritalarının elde edildiği görülmüştür. Gelecekte yapılacak olan araştırmalar, farklı türdeki uzaktan algılama verilerin entegrasyonu, tahmin algoritmaları için özellik veya ortak değişken seçim yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi ve yeni derin öğrenme modelleri geliştirilmesi ile daha başarılı geçirimsiz yüzey haritaları elde etmeye odaklanmalıdır. Böylelikle hem kentsel hem de diğer arazi peyzajında karar vericiler ve planlamacılar gibi paydaşlara sürdürülebilir arazi planlaması için mekânsal veriler daha hızlı ve doğru bir şekilde sağlanabilecektir.
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